SOX 404 Readiness

Your roadmap from pre-IPO to compliance.

SOX 404 compliance doesn't happen overnight. This is the phased approach we use to take companies from initial scoping through audit-ready ICFR — typically over 12 to 18 months.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires all public companies to establish and maintain internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR). Section 404(a) requires management to assess and report on the effectiveness of those controls. Section 404(b) adds a requirement for an independent auditor to attest to that assessment — applying to accelerated and large accelerated filers.

Whether you're preparing for your first IPO, transitioning from 404(a) to 404(b), or optimizing an existing SOX program, the roadmap below outlines the approach we take at Garibyan to get you there — on time, with clean workpapers, and no surprises at audit.

Who must comply — and when

Your SEC filer classification determines whether you need management's assessment (404a), an independent auditor attestation (404b), or both.

Filer Type Public Float Revenue 404(a) 404(b)
Large Accelerated Filer ≥ $700M Any
Accelerated Filer $250M – $700M ≥ $100M
Smaller Reporting Company (Accelerated) $75M – $250M > $100M
Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated) < $75M – $700M < $100M
Emerging Growth Company Varies < $1.235B ✘ (up to 5 yrs)

Five phases to SOX 404 readiness

1
Months 1–2
Planning & Scoping

We establish governance, define materiality, and map the full scope of your ICFR program. This phase sets the foundation — getting alignment with leadership, your external auditor, and the cross-functional teams who own the controls.

Define governance structure and appoint SOX project lead
Calculate materiality thresholds
Map financial reporting processes to financial statements
Identify significant accounts and relevant assertions
Catalog in-scope IT systems (ERP, subledgers, key reports)
Align with external auditors on scope and documentation standards
Key Deliverables
SOX Project Charter Financial Statement Scoping Risk Assessment RACI Matrix Documentation Standards Manual
2
Months 3–5
Risk Identification & Control Design

We work with your process owners to understand how transactions actually flow, identify where risks of material misstatement exist, and design controls to address them — including entity-level controls, process-level controls, and IT general controls.

Conduct process-understanding meetings with control owners
Identify and categorize controls (manual, automated, preventive, detective)
Design entity-level and process-level controls
Build IT general controls framework (access, change management)
Perform segregation of duties analysis
Review SOC reports and map complementary user entity controls
Key Deliverables
Risk & Control Matrices Process Narratives & Flowcharts ITGC Framework SOD Assessment CUEC Mapping Gap Tracker
3
Months 6–9
Implementation & Validation

Controls move from paper to practice. We create templates, train control owners on proper execution and documentation, and resolve design gaps before operational testing begins.

Create control execution templates for consistency
Train control owners on execution and evidence requirements
Identify and remediate design gaps
Update narratives and risk control matrices
Build evidence repository
Create ITGC templates for user access reviews and change management
Key Deliverables
Control Execution Templates Updated RCMs Training Documentation Evidence Repository Updated Gap Tracker
4
Months 10–15
Operational Effectiveness Testing

The core of SOX compliance — we test whether controls are operating consistently and effectively over time. This includes sample-based attribute testing, key report validation, and coordination with your external auditors to align on methodology and evidence.

Execute test plans with appropriate sample sizes
Perform attribute-level testing on each control
Validate key reports (source data, logic, parameters)
Track and classify control exceptions
Remediate deficiencies and retrain control owners
Share results with external auditors on a rolling basis
Key Deliverables
Control Test Plans Test Results Summary Deficiency Log Remediation Tracker Key Report Inventory
5
Months 16–18
Audit Readiness & Sustainment

We prepare for the external auditor's walkthroughs and testing, perform rollforward testing on final-quarter controls, finalize deficiency evaluations, and help you draft management's ICFR report. Then we transition you into a sustainable, repeatable program for year two and beyond.

Prepare for and support external auditor walkthroughs
Perform rollforward testing for final fiscal quarter
Finalize deficiency evaluations and disclosure recommendations
Draft management's SOX 404(a) report for Form 10-K
Coordinate 404(b) auditor attestation (if applicable)
Build SOX sustainment playbook for ongoing compliance
Key Deliverables
Management's ICFR Report Auditor Attestation (404b) Final Deficiency Summary SOX Sustainment Playbook

Ready to build your
SOX 404 program?

Whether you're 18 months from your first 10-K or looking to optimize an existing program, we can help you get there — with senior-level attention, practical deliverables, and no surprises at audit.

Book a Consultation →